Publisher Mergers and Acquisitions/Publishing Models - Faculty Conference on Scholarly Publishing

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Statement of Principles (PDF)

Executive Summary (PDF)

UC Berkeley > The Library > Faculty Conference on Scholarly Publishing > Handouts > Commercial Publisher Mergers and Acquisitions/Publishing Models

Commercial Publisher Mergers and Acquisitions

This chart indicates the consolidation of control of commercial scholarly publishers over the last 15 years. 37 publishers are now controlled by 6 entities. "In the biomedical field alone, significant price increases occurred in 10 of the 11 mergers."¹

Reed Elsevier	Taylor & Francis Informa	Wolters Kluwer	Candover & Cinven	Wiley Blackwell	Verlagsgruppe George von Holtzbrinck
~1800 journals	~1000 journals	~275 journals	~1350 journals	~1250 journals	~70 journals
Academic Press	AA Balkema	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins	Kluwer	A.R. Liss	Nature Publishing/ Macmillan
Cell Press	BIOS Scientific Publishers	Adis International	Plenum	GIT Verlag	Scientific American
Congressional Information Service	CRC Press		Springer	Scripta Technica	WH Freeman
Elsevier	Curzon Press			VCH	Bedford, Freeman Worth
Engineering Information	Gordon & Breach			Wiley
Excerpta Medica	Harwood Academic			Interscience
Harcourt	Marcel Dekker			Blackwell Publishing
Morgan Kaufmann	Routledge			Blackwell Publishing Asia
Mosby	Swets Zeitlinger			Blackwell Synergy
Pergamon Press	Taylor & Francis			Munksgaard
Urban & Fischer	Garland Science
WB Saunders

¹ Publisher Mergers: A Consumer-Based Approach to Antitrust Analysis. Susman, Carter, Ropes & Gray, and the Information Alliance. June 2003. (PDF)
Source: The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition.
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Publishing Models

Model	Access	Who Pays	Peer Review	Examples
Commercial Publisher	Restricted	Subscriber	yes	Elsevier (see Mergers and Acquisitions chart)
Open Access	Unrestricted	Author/Sponsor	yes	PloS BioMed Central See Directory of Open Access Journals
Hybrid
Fee for Access/Free After Delay	All articles restricted for a period after initial publication, then freely available²	Subscriber	yes	195 HighWire journals Science Journal of Biological Chemistry
Fee for Access/Open Access Options	Some articles unrestricted, some restricted³	Subscriber Author/Sponsor	yes	PNAS Springer Nucleic Acids Research
Digital Repository	Unrestricted	Institution	Sometimes (depends on content type and policy)	eScholarship Postprint Server DSpace (MIT)
Preprint Server	Unrestricted	Grant funding to Archive	Post-publication	www.arXiv.org

² Some HighWire journals make their content available for free, typically after 12 months.
³ For example, in Nucleic Acids Research, UC faculty can pay $500 for their article to be Open Access.

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