Citing Your Sources
APA Style Guide (pdf)
MLA Style Guide (pdf)
Chicago-Turabian Style Guide (pdf)
Official Style Manuals in the Library
What is plagiarism?
| "Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require
authors to identify the sources of direct quotations and of
any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked."--
|
|
Chicago Manual of Style,
15th edition (Chicago: Chicago Univ. Press), p. 594
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Why cite sources?
Whenever you quote or base your ideas on another person's work,
you must document the source you used. Even when you do not quote
directly from another work, if reading that source contributed to
the ideas presented in your paper, you must give the authors proper
credit.
Citations allow readers to locate and further explore the sources
you consulted, show the depth and scope of your research, and give
credit to authors for their ideas. Citations provide evidence for
your arguments and add credibility to your work by demonstrating
that you have sought out and considered a variety of resources.
In written academic work, citing sources is standard practice and
shows that you are responding to this person, agreeing with that
person, and adding something of your own. Think of documenting your
sources as providing a trail for your reader to follow to see the
research you performed and discover what led you to your original
contribution.
By following these guidelines, you avoid plagiarism,
which is a serious violation of the Code
of Student Conduct.
How do you cite sources?
The means to identify sources is to provide citations within your
text linking appropriate passages to relevant resources consulted
or quoted. This can be done through in-text parenthetic notes, footnotes,
or endnotes. In addition, a bibliography or list of works cited,
is almost always placed at the end of your paper. The citation system
and format you use will be determined by the citation style
you choose.
The Library provides printable guides to help with formatting
citations and bibliographies following the three major styles used
for most academic papers and research in the humanities, social
sciences, and some scientific disciplines:
- APA Style Guide - From the
American Psychological Association. Often preferred in the fields
of psychology and many other social sciences.
- MLA Style Guide - From the
Modern Language Association of America. Often preferred in the
fields of literature, arts, humanities, and in some other disciplines.
- Turabian & Chicago
Styles Guide - From the work of Kate Turabian at the
University of Chicago and the University of Chicago Press. Often
preferred in history and many other disciplines.
How do you choose a style?
Ask your instructor which style sheet he or she wishes you to use
and if there are other special formatting instructions you should
follow.
Where do I find the most authoritative
information about these styles?
If you have questions or citations not covered by the Library's
guides, please consult one of the following official style manuals.
If you consult other, less official manuals or online style guides
that purport to explain these style, please be aware that these
sometimes contain errors which conflict with the official guides:
- APA Style
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association,
2001.
- The official APA style guide.
- Call number: BF11 A5
P8 (Doe & Moffitt Reference
and other locations)
- Electronic
Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological
Association
- An official excerpt from the APA Publication Manual above.
- No call number: From the American Psychological
Association website, http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
- MLA Style
- Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
6th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003.
- A somewhat simplified guide, adequate for undergraduate
and most other research papers.
- Call number: LB2369 G53 2003
(Doe & Moffitt Reference and other locations)
- Gibaldi, Joseph The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly
Publishing. 2nd ed. New York: Modern Language Association
of America, 1998.
- For graduate students, scholars, and professional writers
(more depth on copyright, legal issues, and writing theses,
dissertations, and scholarly publishing).
- Call number: PN147 G444 1998
(Doe Reference and other locations)
- Turabian Style
- Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations, 6th edition. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1996.
- Call number: LB2369 T8 1996 (Doe
& Moffitt reference and other locations)
- Chicago Style
- The Chicago Manual of Style. 15th ed. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2003.
- Call number: Z253 U69 2003 Ref
(Moffitt reference and other locations)
What
is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is defined by the Berkeley
Campus Office of Student Life as a form of Academic Dishonesty, violating
the Berkeley Campus
Code of Student Conduct which defines
plagiarism as follows:
- "Plagiarism is defined as the use of intellectual material
produced by another person without acknowledging its source. This
includes, but is not limited to:
- (a.) Copying from the writings or works of others into
one's academic assignment without attribution, or submitting
such work as if it were one's own;
(b.) Using the views, opinions, or insights of another without
acknowledgment; or
(c.) Paraphrasing the characteristic or original phraseology,
metaphor, or other literary device of another without proper
attribution."
Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic and student conduct
rules and is punishable with a failing grade and possibly more severe
action. For more information, consult the following UC Berkeley
websites:
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