2) List the main concepts or separate ideas in your topic, Example: African-Americans, barber shops, neighborhood gathering places, California.

3) List at least 3 keywords or snyonyms for each concept. You may want to include place names, style, era, building type or landscape element, function, etc. Example: African-Americans, African Americans, Afro-Americans, Negroes; barber shops, barbershops, barbers, haircutting; neighborhood gathering place, neighborhood center, community center; California.

4) Look for an encyclopedia that might give you some background information on the topic. It could be a general encyclopedia, such as Encyclopedia Britannica, or a subject-specific encyclopedia, such as The Encyclopedia of African American Heritage. (Hint: see the Encyclopedias section of this guide.) Note additional keywords and terms, and authors of the encyclopedia articles. Search for other publications on the topic by these same authors. Look for the footnotes or bibliography at the end of the article, and use any appropriate sources listed. List at least two encyclopedias to check for a good overview of your topic.

5) Look for a bibliography on your topic. If another author has already prepared a list of resources on your topic, you can consult them and save time. Search Pathfinder, the library catalog, under [ your subject] -- -bibliography, Example: African Americans--Bibliography. Hint: see the Bibliographies section of this guide. Example: Ethnic Studies, African American Studies: An Annotated Videography. List at list two bibliographies appropriate for your subject.

6) Use the keywords you have identified to find books in the library catalog, Pathfinder, on your topic. (Hint: Use the "Advanced Search" and search these keywords as Title Keyword OR Subject Keyword.) Display the full or long catalog record of relevant books to see the official library subject headings for this topic. List the Pathfinder catalog subject headings for each keyword.

6) To narrow your search, combine keywords and subject headings for the same concept using "AND." Example: Subject Keyword: African Americans AND Title Keyword: barber* (Hint: Use the truncation symbol for Pathfinder--*-- after the root of a word to find variations of that word, e.g., barber, barber shops, barbers, barbershops.) To broaden your search, combine keywords and subject headings for different concepts using "OR." Example: Subject Keyword: barber* OR Subject Keyword: haircutting. List AND or OR combinations for your topic.

7) Write down the citations for books you identify in your search. Note their library subject headings for additional searches. Include full citation (author, title, place of publication, publisher, series if any, date) and location (which library has it) and call number. You will need this for your paper's bibliography. Use RefWorks to manage your bibliography.

8) Use the keywords, authors, and subject headings identified above to search for articles in periodical indexes. Identify at least one multi-disciplinary periodical index and one subject-specific periodical index which would refer you to journal articles on your topic. (Hint: see the Finding Journal Articles section of this guide.)

9) Use UC e-links in the index or Pathfinder to see if this journal title is available in the UCB libraries. Search for the journal title, NOT article title. If it is available online, e-mail yourself a copy. If not, write down the call number and UCB library that has the print copy. Remember that you will need the volume and issue number, date and pages to locate the article.

10) If the journal you want is not at UCB, click on the button in Melvyl, or ask a librarian about getting a copy through interlibrary loan. If it is in NRLF (storage), use Pathfinder and click on the button to electronically request that it be brought to campus for you.

11) Name one source you would use to identify historical societies, professional organizations, or archives on your topic, and check in it. (Hint: Use the section of the web guide called Trade & Professional Associations, Organizations, Archives & Historical Societies.)

12) Check for images, plans or maps of your topic. (Hint: see the Visual Resources section of this guide.)

13) Check for primary or archival sources on your topic. (Hint: see the Archives section of this guide, and see also Library Research Using Primary Sources, http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySources.html.